half-band filter

はじめに

レート変換処理の一部で使われる half-band filter について調べて考えたことを書き残しておく。

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参考資料

定義

$\def\Ts{{T_\text{s}}}$

サンプリング周期を $\Ts$ とする。係数列 $\{h(n)\}$ のz変換 $H_z(z)$ が次の性質を満たすフィルタを half-band filter と呼ぶ。

  • 1.1 $H_z(z^{-1})=H_z(z)$
  • 1.2 $H_z(z)+H_z(-z^{-1})=1$

係数列のDTFTを $H_\text{DTFT}(\omega)$ とすると、上記の性質は次と同値である。

  • 2.1 $H_\text{DTFT}(-\omega\Ts)=H_\text{DTFT}(\omega\Ts)$
  • 2.2 $H_\text{DTFT}(\omega\Ts)+H_\text{DTFT}(\pi-\omega\Ts)=1$

性質

  1. $h$は偶関数である
  2. $H_\text{DTFT}(\pi/(2\Ts))=1/2$
  3. $h(0)=1/2$
  4. $h(n)=0\quad(n:\text{even},\;n\neq 0)$

性質1の導出

$Proof$

\[ \begin{align*} h(-n) &= \frac{\Ts}{2\pi}\integrate{-\pi/\Ts}{\pi/\Ts}{H_\text{DTFT}(\omega\Ts)\exp\parens{-i\omega\Ts n}}{}{\omega} = \frac{\Ts}{2\pi}\integrate{-\pi/\Ts}{\pi/\Ts}{H_\text{DTFT}(-\omega\Ts)\exp\parens{i(-\omega)\Ts n}}{}{\omega} \\ &= -\frac{\Ts}{2\pi}\integrate{\pi/\Ts}{-\pi/\Ts}{H_\text{DTFT}(\omega’\Ts)\exp\parens{i\omega’\Ts n}}{}{\omega’} \quad (\text{変数変換:}\omega = -\omega’) \\ &= \frac{\Ts}{2\pi}\integrate{-\pi/\Ts}{\pi/\Ts}{H_\text{DTFT}(\omega’\Ts)\exp\parens{i\omega’\Ts n}}{}{\omega’} = h(n) \end{align*} \]

$\square$

性質2の導出

定義の2.2で $\omega=\pi/(2\Ts)$ とすれば直ちに得られる。

性質3,4の導出

定義の2.1の両辺を逆z変換する。まず次式が成り立つ。

\[ \begin{align*} \IZTrans{H_z(-z^{-1})}(n) &= \IZTrans{H_z((-z)^{-1})}(n) \\ &= \IZTrans{H_z(-z)}(n) \quad (\because\;h\text{が偶関数}) \\ &= (-1)^n h(n) \end{align*} \]

これを用いて、定義の2.1の両辺の逆z変換は次式である。

\[ h(n) + (-1)^n h(n) = \delta(n) \]

上式より性質3,4が従う。

$\square$

投稿者: motchy

An embedded software and FPGA engineer for measuring instrument.

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